压力容器工程规定
Engineering Specification for Pressure Vessels
C O N T E N T S
目录
1. GENERAL 概述
1.1 Scope 范围
1.2 Codes, Standards and Regulations 规范、标准及规章
1.3 Units 单位
1.4 Purchaser’s Drawing and Documents 买方图纸及文件
1.5 Vendor’s Drawings and Documents 卖方图纸及文件
1.6 Site Condition 现场条件
2. DESIGN 设计
2.1 Design Pressure 设计压力
2.2 Design Temperature 设计温度
2.3 Corrosion Allowances 腐蚀余度
2.4 Materials 材料
2.5 Loading Conditions and Strength Calculation 负荷条件及强度计算
2.6 Tolerances 允许偏差
3. DETAIL DESIGN 详细设计
3.1 Shells and Heads 容器壁及顶
3.2 Internals 内件
3.3 Nozzles and Manholes 设备口及人孔
3.4 Bolts, Nuts and Gaskets 螺栓、螺母及垫片
3.5 Supports 支架
3.6 Miscellaneous 其它
4. FABRICATION 制作
4.1 Plate Layout 排板
4.2 Forming 成型
4.3 Welding 焊接
4.4 Heat Treatment 热处理
5. INSPECTION AND TESTS 检测及试验
6. NAMEPLATE, PAINTING AND MARKING 铭牌、刷漆及标识
6.1 Nameplate 铭牌
6.2 Painting 刷漆
6.3 Marking 标识
7. PACKING AND SHIPPING 包装和运输
7.1 General 概述
7.2 Packing and Preparation for Shipping 包装与运输准备
7.3 Shipping 运输
Appendix A: Tolerance for Pressure Vessels 附A：压力容器允许偏差
1. GENERAL
1.1 Scope
1.1.1 This specification together with the engineering drawings covers the requirements for the materials, design, fabrication, inspection, testing and supply of pressure vessels used for CIBA SBR 3rd line project in
Zhenjiang, the People’s Republic of China.
本规范及工程图纸包含对中国镇江CIBA SBR第3条线工程中使用的压力容器的材料、设计、制作、检测、试验及供应的要求。
This specification shall be referred to also for the non-pressure vessels except for the requirements of local regulation if vessel shape is similar to pressure vessels.
本规范也可用于外形与压力容器相同的非压力容器。
1.1.2 The definition of pressure vessels shall be in accordance with “The Pressure Vessels Safety Technology Supervision Procedures” in the People’s Republic of China.
压力容器的限定根据中国的“压力容器安全技术监督程序”进行。
1.1.3 This specification does not apply, in general, to auxiliary pressure vessels which are attached to turbines, engines, pumps, compressors and other mechanical equipment which are normally designed under the manufacturer’s standard.
一般情况下，本规范不适用于涡轮、发动机、泵、压缩机及其它依照厂家标准设计制造的机械设备的附属压力容器。
1.2 Codes, Standards and Regulations 规范、标准及规章
1.2.1 Pressure vessels fabricated in China shall be designed, fabricated, inspected and tested in accordance with the requirements of the following codes, standards and regulations of the latest edition.
中国制作的压力容器必须根据以下最新版的规范、标准及规章的要求进行设计、制作、检测及试验。
(1) The Pressure Vessels Safety Technology Supervision Procedures (1999 edition)
压力容器安全技术监督程序（1999年版）
(2) Steel Pressure Vessels GB150－1998 钢制压力容器
(3) Technical Specification for Fabrication of Steel Chemical Vessels HG20584-1998
钢制压力容器制作技术规范
(4) Steel Welded Atmospheric Pressure Vessels JB/T4735－1997 钢制焊接常压容器
(5) Basic Specification for Steel Chemical Vessel Design HG20580-1998 钢制化学容器设计基本规范
(6) Specification for Materials Selection of Steel Chemical Vessels HG20581-1998
钢制化学容器材料选择规范
(7) Specification for Stress Calculation of Steel Chemical Vessel HG20582-1998
钢制化学容器强度计算规范
(8) Specification for Structural Design of Steel Chemical Vessel HG20583-1998
钢制化学容器结构设计规范
(9) Technical Requirements for Fabrication of Steel Chemical Vessels HG20584-1998
钢制化学容器制作技术要求
(10) Mechanical Agitation Equipment HG/T20569-94 机械搅拌设备
(11) Mechanic Properties Test of Welding Specimen for Steel Pressure Vessels JB 4744-2000
钢制压力容器焊接样品机械性能试验
(12) Nondestructive Test of Pressure Vessels JB4730-2000 压力容器无损检测
(13) Carbon Steel and Low Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessels JB 4726-2000
碳钢及低合金钢锻制压力容器
(14) Stainless Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessels JB 4728-2000 不锈钢锻制压力容器
(15) Seismic Protection Code for Petrochemical Equipment HG 3048-1996
石化设备地震保护规范
1.2.2 Vendor shall be responsible for making all aspects of materials, design, fabrication, inspection and testing conform to the requirements of the specified codes, standards and local regulations.
卖方负责根据指定的规范、标准和地方规章的要求提供材料、设计、制作、检测及试验。
Where there are conflicts between the requirements in Purchaser’s drawings/specifications and the specified codes/standards or local regulations, the order of precedence shall be as follows:
如果买方图纸/规范同指定的规范、标准或地方规章之间存在冲突，按以下先后顺序加以遵守：
(1) Local regulations 地方规章
(2) Engineering drawings 工程图纸
(3) Engineering specifications 工程规范
(4) Codes and standards 规范和标准
In such a case, Vendor shall promptly refer the conflicts to Purchaser in writing to obtaining Purchaser’s instruction.
在此情况下，卖方需及时书面告知买方以获得买方指示。
1.3 Units 单位
Unless otherwise specified, SI units shall be applied as the measurement system for the drawings and documents to be submitted. However, nominal sizes of piping components shall be in accordance with inch system.
除非另有规定，图纸及文件中所提及的单位均为国际制。但是，管道部件的公称尺寸应符合英制
1.4 Purchaser’s Drawing and Documents 买方图纸和文件
1.4.1 Purchaser will provide Engineering Drawing for each pressure vessel which contains such information as the shape, basic dimensions, estimated thickness and weight, design conditions, materials for primary parts, nozzle specifications, and details of internals as required by Vendor to accomplish his mechanical design of the pressure vessel.
买方需根据卖方要求为每台压力容器提供工程图纸说明形状、基本尺寸、估计厚度和重量、设计条件、主部件材质、设备口规格及内件详情，以便完成压力容器的机械设计。
When sketches, data sheets or duty specifications are provided, Vendor shall prepare Engineering Drawings covering the same contents as specified above. Such drawings may be used as Vendor’s assembly drawings with necessary information added.
在提供了草图、数据表或相关规格后，卖方应绘制包含上述同样内容的工程图纸。这些图纸在加上必要的信息后可用作卖方装配图。
1.4.2 Purchaser will provide D-123 “Vessel Standard” which supplements the above drawings and determines the detail construction of pressure vessels.
买方将提供D-123“容器标准”作为上述图纸的补充，并决定压力容器的具体施工。
When sketches or data sheets are provided, Vendor shall confirm Purchaser the application of each drawing in Vessel Standard.
在提供了草图或数据表后，卖方需根据容器标准对图纸进行确认。
1.5 Vendor’s Drawings and Documents 卖方图纸和文件
1.5.1 Vendor shall submit to Purchaser drawings and documents as called for in Purchaser’s requisition sheets.
卖方将根据买方需求单向买方提供图纸和文件。
1.5.2 All drawings and documents shall give the name of Client (end user), Purchaser’s Work No., Item No. and service of the commodity.
所有图纸和文件上需给出业主名称（最终用户），买方工程编码、设备位号及系统名称。
1.5.3 Drawings shall be prepared to scale and in third angle projection.
图纸需按比例使用每三角投影法进行绘制。
1.5.4 Drawings shall contain: 图纸需包括：
(1) Title block (Purchaser’s Work No., Requisition No., Item No. and service of the commodity)
工程图明细表（买方工程编码、投标邀请号、设备位号及系统）
(2) Design Data (conforming to Purchaser’s drawings or data sheet)
设计数据（根据买方图纸或数据表）
(3) Material list (material specifications and quantities for all parts including spare parts)
材料清单（所有部件、包括备件的材料规格和数量）
(4) Nozzle list (conforming to Purchaser’s drawings or data sheet) 设备口清单（根据买方图纸或数据表）
(5) All weld seams, and weld and surface finish symbols 所有焊缝及表面加工符号
(6) Detailed dimensions and thickness 详细尺寸及厚度
1.5.5 Strength calculations shall cover: 强度计算包括：
(1) Code calculations for all pressure retaining parts including reinforcements for nozzle openings
所有压力保持部件，包括设备口加固件的代码计算
(2) Structural calculations for internals 内件结构计算
(3) Structural calculations for lifting lugs and transportation fittings 吊耳和运输装置的结构计算
(4) Stability check of vessel and support for wind/seismic load
容器及支架的风力/地震力载荷的稳定检查
(5) Stability check of vessel and support at transportation, loading & unloading and erection
在运输、装载、卸载及安装过程中容器的稳定性检查
(6) Local stress analysis against external loading on nozzles 设备口外部负荷局部应力分析
1.5.6 For pressure vessels fabricated and/or assembled at job site, Vendor shall submit the instruction for the work.
对于在现场制作或组装的压力容器，卖方应提供指导书。
1.5.7 Purchaser’s “Approved” on Vendor’s document means that Vendor may proceed his work without resubmitting the documents unless further revisions are made. “Approved as noted” on Vendor’s document means that Vendor may proceed his work provided the notes are concurred by Vendor. Re-submission of the revised documents are required for confirmation. “Not approved” on the document means that Vendor may not proceed the work without re-submission of the corrected document for approval. Purchaser’s approval for Vendor’s drawings and documents shall not relieve Vendor of his responsibility to meet all requirements of the purchase order.
买方在卖方文件上签署“批准”表示卖方不需再递交这些文件就可进行工作，除非进行了改版。卖方文件上的“说明后批准”指卖方在提供说明后可进行工作。在进行改版后需重新递交买方确认。“不批准”指卖方在重新递交正确的文件并获批前不能进行工作。买方对卖方图纸及文件的批准不能解除卖方的定购合同上的责任。
1.6 Site Condition 现场条件
Data to be used for stability check of vessel and support for wind/seismic load and other climate data are as follows,
容器及支架的风力/地震力载荷及其它气候下的稳定性检查所用数据如下：
(1) Basic wind pressure 0.35kN/m2 at 10 m above ground 地面10m上基本风力0.35kN/m2
(2) Earthquake intensity 7 deg. 地震强度 7级
(3) Class of site soil Class II 现场土壤等级 II级
(4) Atmospheric temperature: 气温
Annual average 14.3℃ 年平均气温 14.3℃
Extreme highest in past years 40.9 ℃ 以往最高气温 40.9℃
Extreme lowest in past years -12 ℃ 以往最低气温 -12 ℃
Min. average in the coldest month -3.5℃(Reference to HG 20580-1998)
最冷月份的最低平均气温 -3.5℃（参见 HG 20580-1998)
2. DESIGN 设计
2.1 Design Pressure 设计压力
2.1.1 Design pressure shall be as specified on Purchaser’s drawing or data sheet.
设计压力在买方图纸或数据表中加以指定。
2.1.2 Design pressure shall mean the gauge pressure at the top of a completed vessel in its operating position. Unless otherwise agreed in advance, internal static head shall be added to the design pressure to determine the thickness of any specific part of the vessel.
设计压力指完工的容器在操作位置时顶部压力表的压力值。除非提前另外同意，需加设内置静压受感器以确定容器特殊部件的厚度。
2.1.3 When design pressure of “F.V. (Full Vacuum)” is specified, vessels shall be designed to withstand for external pressure of 101.3 kPa.
如果设计压力指定为“F.V.（真空）”，容器需设计为能经受101.3 kPa 的外部压力。
2.1.4 Vessel parts subject to different internal pressure on both sides shall be designed to withstand the most severe combination of the pressures.
容器两侧承受不同内部压力的部件需设计为能经受最大整体压力。
2.2 Design Temperature 设计温度
2.2.1 Design temperature shall be as specified on Purchaser’s drawing or data sheet. Two kinds of design temperature, one for maximum design temperature (called as “Design Temperature”) and the other for minimum design temperature (called as “Minimum Design Metal temperature” = MDMT) are specified.
设计温度在买方图纸或数据表中指定。共两种设计温度，一种为最大设计温度（称为“设计温度”），另一种为最小设计温度（称为“最小设计金属温度”）。
2.2.2 When different temperatures are predicted for different zones of a vessel, these temperatures are indicated for the respective zones of the vessel.
如果容器的不同设备口预计的温度不同，应在各自的部位加以指明。
2.2.3 When design temperature or MDMT cannot coincide with the maximum pressure, the corresponding design pressure shall be designated together with the temperature.
当设计温度或最小设计金属温度与最大压力不符，应根据温度指定相应的设计压力。
2.2.4 Vessel parts in contact with two fluids having different temperatures shall be designed for both higher and lower design temperatures.
如果容器部件会接触到两种不同温度的介质，应同时根据高的设计温度及低的设计温度进行设计。
2.3 Corrosion Allowances 腐蚀余度
2.3.1 The corrosion allowance for the shell shall be as specified on Purchaser’s drawing or data sheet.
容器壁板的允许偏差在买方图纸或数据表中指定。
2.3.2 Unless otherwise specified in the drawings, data sheet or other applicable Engineering Specifications, the corrosion allowance for internal parts of vessels shall be as follows:
除非在图纸、数据表或其它相关工程规范中另有规定，容器内件的腐蚀余度如下：
(1) Parts directly welded to the shell or parts not removable from a manhole:
直接焊到壁板上的部件或人孔上不可拆除的部件：
1. Parts separating two pressure chambers, a corrosion allowance shall be provided on (strikethrough: either) each side of the parts.
两个压力室的分隔部件，应对部件的的每侧提供一个腐蚀余度。
2. Other parts add 1/2 of the specified corrosion allowance on each side.
对于其它部件，在每侧的腐蚀余度上加上1/2倍。
(2) Parts removable from a manhole: 可从人孔上拆除的部件：
Add 1/4 of the specified corrosion allowance on each side (min. 1.0 mm total for both sides).
在每侧腐蚀余度上加上1/4倍（最小1.0mm）
Notes: 1.Generally no corrosion allowance is added for high alloy and nonferrous internals.
注：1、对于高合金及非铁内件通常不加腐蚀余度。
2. For the internal parts specified in Vessel Standard such as lugs and support rings, corrosion allowance shall conform to the stipulations in it.
容器标准中规定的内件，如耳轴及支撑环的腐蚀余度应符合标准中的规定。
3. The specified corrosion allowance shall mean the corrosion allowance for the shell.
指定的腐蚀余度是指壁板的腐蚀余度。
4. Shell as used herein shall mean all pressure holding parts of the vessel in contact with the service fluid, including heads, nozzles, manholes and manhole covers.
这里的壁板指与系统介质接触的所有压力部件，包括封头、设备口、人孔及人孔盖板。
2.3.3 No corrosion allowance is required for such parts not in contact with the inside fluid as the outside surface of shell, skirt, support lugs and so on, except for anchor bolts.
对于不同内部介质接触的部件，如外表面、防护罩及支承凸缘等不需腐蚀余度，地脚螺栓除外。
Corrosion allowance of 3 mm shall be taken for anchor bolts.
地脚螺栓的腐蚀余度为3mm。
2.4 Materials 材料
2.4.1 The materials for primary parts shall be as specified on Purchaser’s drawing or data sheet.
主要部件的材料在买方图纸或数据表中指定。
2.4.2 Materials of the parts not specified on Purchaser’s drawings, data sheet or Vessel Standard shall be decided by Vendor and shall be submitted by showing them on the Vendor’s drawings for Purchaser’s approval. 如果部件材料在买方图纸、数据表或容器标准中未加指定，则由卖方决定所有材料并在卖方图纸中指明，递交买方审批。
2.4.3 Materials for external attachments and vessel support welded directly to the pressure retaining parts shall be similar material as the pressure parts. When external attachments made of carbon steel is to be welded to stainless steel pressure parts, stainless steel pad plate is required on pressure parts.
直接焊接到压力保持部件上的外部配件及容器支架的材料应与压力部件相同。在将外部碳钢附件焊接到不锈钢压力部件上时，需在压力部件上加不锈钢垫板。
2.4.4 Vendor may propose the use of alternative materials. Such alternatives shall be clearly indicated on his proposal giving official material designation or the chemical composition and physical properties for such materials having only a trade or supplier designation, and shall be submitted for Purchaser’s approval.
卖方可建议几种材料供选择。卖方可在投标中详细指明这些材料的正式材料名称，或对仅有市场或供应商名称的材料说明化学成分及物理性能，以便买方审批。
2.4.5 Gaskets, bolts and nuts for blind nozzles and manholes shall be as specified in Purchaser’s drawing or data sheet.
盲设备口及人孔所用的垫片、螺栓及螺母在买方图纸或数据表中指定。
When not specified in Purchaser’s drawing or data sheet, Vendor in China may select by the following criteria subject to Purchaser’s approval.
如果未指定，中国的卖方可根据以下标准选择并报买方审批：
(1) Materials of bolts (studs) and nuts used for equipment shell flange shall be selected according to table 2 to table 5 in JB/T 4700-2000.
设备口法兰用单头螺栓（双头螺栓）及螺母的材料根据JB/T 4700-2000中表2～表5选择。
(2) Materials of bolts (studs) and nuts used for nozzle flange shall be selected according to CIBA 3rd Line Project Piping Materials Classification (CSTL-T1300/H103).
设备口法兰用单头螺栓（双头螺栓）及螺母的材料根据CIBA第3条线工程管道材料等级表（CSTL-T1300/H103) 选择。
(3) Gasket for equipment shell flange shall be selected by the following table.
设备法兰用垫片根据下表选择
Table 1 Materials for Girth Flange Gaskets
| MEDIA
介质 |
NOMINAL PRESS.
PN(MPa) 公称压力 |
FLANGE TYPE
法兰形式 |
GASKET MATERIAL
垫片材料 |
| Hydrocarbons, organic compound
碳氢化合物，有机化合物 |
PN≤1.6 | Welding Neck Type
焊颈法兰 |
Spiral Wound Gasket Hoop:316L
Filler: Flexible Graphite 缠绕垫：316L 填料：挠性石墨 |
| Steam, air, inert gases
蒸汽、空气及惰性气体 |
PN≤2.5 | Any type
任意型 |
Graphite corrugated gasket
石墨垫 |
(4) Materials of gaskets used for nozzle flange shall be selected according to CIBA 3rd Line Project Piping
Materials Classification (CSTLT1300/H103).
设备口法兰用垫片材料根据CIBA第3条线工程管道材料等级表（CSTL-T1300/H103) 选择。
2.4.6 Vendors in China shall apply imported material for stainless steel plates used for pressure parts. In this case allowable stress of imported material shall be those for equivalent material in GB150-1998 as follows.
中国的卖方应为压力部件用的不锈钢板使用进口材料。在此情况下，进口材料的允许应力与GB150-1998中的相当材料相同。
ASME Material Equiv. GB Material
ASME材质 相应的GB材质
304 SS 0Cr18Ni9
304L SS 00Cr19Ni10
316 SS 0Cr17Ni12Mo2
316L SS 00Cr17Ni14Mo2
2.4.7 All material used for pressure parts shall be killed steel.
压力部件所有的所有材料均应为脱氧钢。
Following requirements shall apply for Vendors in China.
以下为对中国的卖方的要求：
Q-235 material may be used only for utility service such as steam, air etc. with the other limitations specified in GB150-1998.
根据GB150-1998中限制，Q-234仅可用丰公用系统上，如蒸汽、空气等。
In general, steel 20R and 16MnR shall be applied for carbon steel plates used for pressure parts. If calculated thickness exceeds 12 mm by applying 20R material, then 16MnR material shall be used.
一般情况下，压力部件碳钢板应用20R和16MnR钢铁。如果使用20R总计厚度超过12mm，则使用16MnR。
2.5 Loading Conditions and Strength Calculation 负荷条件及强度计算
2.5.1 The thickness indicated on Purchaser’s drawings are those proposed by Purchaser. Vendor shall check and confirm under his guarantee that such thickness provide the proper strength under the specified conditions. Any lesser thickness considered by Vendor shall immediately be referred to Purchaser, but in no case, any proposed thickness will be decreased without Purchaser’s prior approval, even if it has an extra margin beyond the required thickness.
买方图纸中指定的厚度为买方建议厚度。卖方应加以检查确认以保证买方建议的厚度在指定条件下达到强度要求。如果卖方认为厚度不够应立即告知买方，但不论什么情况下买方建议的厚度不得有所减少，即使建议的厚度超过所需厚度的最大值，除非得到买方批准。
2.5.2 The hydrostatic test condition in the installed position shall be considered for design of all vessels.
所有容器的设计时应考虑安装后的水压试验条件。
2.5.3 Wind load and Seismic load to be used for calculation shall be in accordance with Para.1.6 of this specification. 风力载荷与地震力应符合本规范第1.6节要求。
2.5.4 Maximum allowable tensile stress of foundation bolts of A307 Gr.B or Q-235 shall be 100 N/mm2 for long-term and 150 N/mm2 for short-term loading conditions.
A307 Gr.B or Q-235材质的基础螺栓的最大容许拉应力为：长期负荷条件100 N/mm2，短期负荷条件150 N/mm2。
2.5.5 Local stresses at shell around attachments such as nozzle, vessel support and lifting lug and so on, shall be calculated and evaluated when requested by Purchaser.
如买方有要求，设备口、容器支架及吊耳等附件周围壳体的局部应力应加以计算及估测。
The following generally accepted calculation procedure, or the equivalent, may be applied.
可用以下计算程序或相当的程序：
(a) Bulletin of Welding Research Council No. 107 or 297 焊接研究委员会通告第107期或297期
(b) BS 5500 appendix G BS5500附录G
(c) Pressure Vessel Handbook (By E.F. Megyesy) 压力容器手册（E.F. Megyesy著）
(d) Process Equipment Design (By L.E. Brownell & E.H. Young)
工艺设备设计（L.E. Brownell 及E.H. Young著）
(e) Specification for Stress Calculation of Steel Chemical Vessel (HG20582-1998)
钢制化学容器应力计算规范（HG20582-1998）
2.6 Tolerances 容许偏差
2.6.1 Tolerances shall be in accordance with Appendix A Fig.A “Tolerances for Pressure Vessels” unless otherwise specified on Purchaser’s drawings.
容许偏差应符合附录A图A“压力容器容许偏差”的要求，除非买方图纸中另有指定。
2.6.2 The thickness after forming of any pressure retaining parts shall not be less than the calculated thickness. Plates with an under tolerance of not more than the smaller value of 0.25 mm or 6 % of the nominal thickness may be used, unless requested otherwise by the applicable code.
压力保持部件在成型后的厚度不得小于计算厚度。所用板的容许偏差不得超过0.25mm或公称厚度的6％，除非相关规范另有要求。
2.6.3 The flange face of agitator mount nozzle shall be perpendicular to vessel axis within tolerance of 1/500.安装搅拌器的设备口的法兰面同容器轴线的垂直度容许偏差为1/500。
3. DETAILED DESIGN 详细设计
3.1 Shells and Heads 壳体及封头
3.1.1 The shape the formed head shall be as specified on Purchaser’s drawing or data sheet. 2:1 ellipsoidal or dish head (with knuckle radius=0.10xdiameter ) shall be used.
成形加工的封头形状应符合买方图纸或数据表中的规定。封头应为2:1椭圆体或碟形（封头过渡区半径为直径的0.10倍）。
3.1.2 The nominal thickness of 2:1 ellipsoidal or dished head shall be selected to assure the minimum thickness after forming shall not be less than the minimum required thickness of head. Also, the nominal thickness shall not be less than the minimum required thickness of connecting cylindrical shell.
2:1椭圆体或碟形封头的公称厚度的选择需保证成型后的最小厚度不小于封头的最小要求厚度。而且，公称厚度不得小于柱形连接处的最小要求厚度。
3.1.3 Gasket contact surface of girth flange shall have a finish equivalent to the following in μm.
同法兰表面接触的垫片的磨光应符合下列要求，单位μm
(1) For spiral wound gasket : from Ra 1.6 to Ra 3.2 缠绕垫：从Ra 1.6至Ra 3.2
(2) For metal jacket, solid metal gasket : Ra 1.6 and finer 金属包覆垫、固体金属垫片：Ra 1.6及更好的
3.2 Internals 内件
3.2.1 Unless otherwise specified in Purchaser’s requisition sheets or indicated on Purchaser’s drawings, all internals are included in the scope of Vendor’s supply. Vendor shall design internals in accordance with the information indicated on Purchaser’s drawings.
除非在买方的需求单或图纸中另有指定，所有内件属于卖方供应范围。卖方应根据买方图纸中信息进行内件的设计
3.2.2 Unless otherwise specified, removable internal parts shall be designed in units as large as can be put in and out from the vessel through the nearest upper manhole. The weight of one block to be withdrawn shall not generally exceed 40 kg except for support beams.
除非另有规定，可拆除内件在能够从上方最近的人孔拿出、放入的情况下尽可能设计为最大。除了支撑梁外，容器内可拆除硬块的重量通常不超过40kg。
3.2.3 Internal bolts subject to vibration, fluctuating load, impact load or dynamic load shall be protected against loosening. Double nuts, unti-loose washers, tack welding, etc. shall be used.
可能受到振动、波动载荷、冲击载荷或动力载荷的内部螺栓应加以保护防止松动。可采用双螺母、防松动垫圈、点焊等。
3.2.4 All removable internals shall be checked by suitable methods to ensure their insertability and removability through the manhole.
所有可拆除内件均需使用适当的方法进行检查以确保其通过人孔的可嵌入性及可拆除性。
3.3 Nozzles and Manholes 设备口及人孔
3.3.1 Nozzle and manhole size shall not be changed by Vendor. However, if nozzles, reinforcement pads, and main seams should interfere with each other, these dimensions may be changed upon Purchaser’s approval.
卖方不能改变设备口及人孔的尺寸。但是，如果设备口、加强垫及主梁相互防碍，在事先得到买方批准后可变更其尺寸。
3.3.2 The type, rating and facing of nozzle flanges shall conform to those specified in Purchaser’s drawing or data sheet.
设备口法兰的类型、等级及端面应符合买方图纸或数据表的规定。
3.3.3 Nozzle and manhole location specified by the Purchaser shall not be changed by Vendor. If nozzles and manhole interfere with each other or other attachment, Vendor shall promptly contact with Purchaser for instruction.
卖方不能改变买方指定的设备口及人孔位置。如果设备口与人孔彼此防碍或同其它附件有所防碍，卖方应及时同买方联系以获得指示。
3.3.4 Bolt holes in nozzle flange and manhole flange shall straddle plant north-south line or vessel horizontalvertical line.
设备口及人孔法兰上的螺栓孔应为北-南线或容器水平垂直线。
3.3.5 Each manhole cover with mass over 20 kg shall be supported by a davit or hinge as specified on Purchaser’s drawing. The details of davit or hinge shall be in accordance with Vessel Standard.
超过20kg的人孔盖板应根据买方图纸的规定用吊柱或铰链支撑。吊柱或铰链的详情应符合容器标准。
3.3.6 Nozzle flanges 24 inch and smaller shall be as per ASME B16.5.
等于或小于24英寸的设备口法兰应符合ASME B16.5。
Nozzle flanges larger than 24 inch nominal shall be as per ASME B16.47 Series B or designed per Code.
大于24英寸的设备口法兰应符合ASME B16.47 B系列或根据规范设计。
In case a non standard flange is designed by vendor, the companion flange with bolt, nut and gasket shall be supplied with by vendor.
在卖方设计非标法兰时，应同时提供螺栓、螺母及垫片。
3.3.7 The minimum nominal thickness for nozzle neck shall be in accordance with the following table.
设备口颈部的最小公称厚度应符合下表：
Table 2 Min. Nozzle Neck Thickness
表2 设备口颈部最小厚度
| Material
材质 |
Nozzle Size
设备口尺寸 |
Neck Thickness
颈部厚度 |
| Carbon steel
碳钢 |
DN≤2” | Sch 80 |
| DN > 2” | Sch 40 | |
| Stainless steel
不锈钢 |
DN≤6” | Sch 40s |
| DN > 6” | Sch 10s |
3.3.8 The pipe material for nozzle neck shall be seamless, unless otherwise approved by Purchaser.
设备口颈部应为无缝管材，除非买方另外批准。
3.3.9 Unless otherwise specified, the nozzle gasket surface shall be flat smooth surface and serration specified in ANSI standard is not to provide.
除非另有规定，设备口垫片表面应光滑平整，ANSI标准规定的锯齿形不能使用。
3.3.10 When male and female (M&F) or tongue and groove (T&G) type flanges are specified, the nozzle flange facing of the vessel shall be of female or groove type.
如指定使用外螺纹及内螺纹或榫面及槽面法兰，容器设备口法兰端面应为凹槽型。
3.3.11 Welding neck type flange shall be made by forgings.
焊颈法兰应锻造。
For Vendors in China, the following forgings shall be of Class III or higher, other forgings shall not be of less than Class II.
对于中国的卖方，以下锻件应为III级或以上，其它锻件不应小于II级。
(1). Equipment flange with thickness ≥ 100mm or nominal diameter ≥1200mm.
厚度≥100mm或公称直径≥1200mm的设备法兰
(2). Forgings for Class 3 vessels. 3级容器的锻件
3.3.12 Nozzles for level gauge and other long projection nozzles shall be reinforced by bars of suitable size to resist bending moment on nozzles.
液面计及其它长颈设备口应使用适当尺寸的条棒进行加固以防止设备口挠矩。
3.3.13 For length of the nozzle see Vessel Standard D-123.
设备口的长度见容器标准D-123
3.4 Bolts, Nuts and Gaskets 螺栓、螺母及垫片
3.4.1 Unless otherwise specified, all bolting threads to be used for pressure vessels shall be ISO Metric System. When bolt size are M30 and over, metric fine screw threads of 3 mm pitch series shall be used. When bolt size are M27 and less, metric coarse screw threads shall be used.
除非另有规定，压力容器所用的所有螺栓的螺纹应为ISO公制。如果螺栓尺寸为M30或以上，公制螺纹螺旋间距应为3mm。如果螺栓尺寸为M27或以下，使用公制粗牙螺纹。
Girth flange bolting shall be of stud bolt type, threaded full length, and at least M16 for flange of 600 mm and smaller inside diameter and at least M20 for over 600 mm inside diameter flange. All nozzle flange and girth flange bolts shall be of stud bolt type.
翼缘法兰螺栓应为双头螺栓，螺纹为全长型，内径600mm或以下的法兰的螺栓至少为M16，内径600mm以上的法兰的螺栓至少为M20。所有设备口法兰及翼缘法兰螺栓应为双头螺栓。
3.4.2 Threads of bolts and nuts shall be coated before installation with anti-galling agent.
在安装前螺栓的螺纹及螺母应用防磨损剂包覆。
3.5 Supports 支撑
3.5.1 Saddles, lugs or legs for pressure vessels shall be as per the tables in Vessel Standard. For vessels which meet all the conditions stipulated in the tables such as maximum weight or saddle height, strength calculations may not be submitted to Purchaser.
压力容器的承台、吊耳或支腿应符合容器标准中的表格的要求。对于满足表格所有条件，如最大重量、承台高度、强度计算等的容器，可以不报买方。
3.6 Miscellaneous 其它
3.6.1 External shell attachments such as lifting lugs, clips for platforms/ladders and piping supports, insulation support rings, etc. shall be provided as required.
外壳体附件如吊耳、平台/梯子的卡具及管道支架、保温支承圈等应符合要求。
3.6.2 Tailing lugs shall be provided for vertical vessels, towers and reactors of mass 10,000 kg and over.
对于重量为10000kg或以上的立式容器、塔、反应器应有凸耳。
3.6.3 Lifting lugs and tailing lugs shall be designed taking account of vessel weight and lifting method, etc.
Materials, procedures of welding them to the shell and inspection method shall also be carefully checked. The shock factor of 1.25, as minimum, shall be considered in the design of lugs and shell.
在设计吊耳及凸耳时应考虑容器重量及吊装方法等。吊耳及凸耳的材料及同壳体焊接的程序及检测方法应仔细检查。在进行吊耳及凸耳的设计时应考虑最小冲击系数1.25。
3.6.4 According to Purchaser’s information, Vendor shall check the strength of the vessels during transportation and field erection, and provide necessary reinforcements prior to shipment. The shock factor of 1.25, as minimum, shall be considered in these design. Vendor shall submit such strength calculations to Purchaser.
根据买方信息，卖方在容器运输及现场安装过程中应检查容器强度，并在运输前进行必要的加固。在设计时应将最小冲击系数1.25考虑在内。卖方应向买方递交强度计算。
3.6.5 When specified in Purchaser’s requisition, vendor shall design platforms & ladders and lugs for them in accordance with Purchaser’s platform & ladder arrangement drawings.
如果买方有要求，卖方应根据买方平台及梯子布置图设计平台、梯子及凸耳。
3.6.6 In general, vessels shall be provided with two earth lugs.
一般情况下容器应有两个接地耳。
4 FABRICATION 制作
4.1 Plate Layout 排板
4.1.1 Shell plates shall be laid out so that there will be a minimum of welded seams.
壳板布置应使焊缝最小
4.1.2 Longitudinal and circumferential welded seams shall not interfere with nozzle openings, reinforcement plates and saddle pads, as far as possible. If the seams is covered with reinforcement plates or saddle pads under Purchaser’s approval, they shall be ground flush with shell surface and radiographically examined in full length prior to welding of plates or pads.
纵向及环形焊缝应尽可能不防碍设备口、加强板、支承垫等。如果经过同意焊缝被加强板或支承垫覆盖，在焊接加强板或支承垫前应对焊缝进行打磨并探伤。
4.1.3 Longitudinal welded seams on adjacent shell segments shall be separated by at least 4 times the wall thickness of the thicker plate but not less than 100 mm.
相邻壳段上的纵向焊缝应相隔最厚板壁厚的4倍但不小于100mm。
4.1.4 Longitudinal and circumferential welded seams shall be kept out of the internal welds insofar as practical, and shall be so located that they can be easily inspected with internals in place.
纵向及环向焊缝应避开内部焊缝，且在内件安装后便于检查。
4.2 Forming 成型
4.2.1 Selection of hot or cold forming of materials may be made by Vendor, but heat treatment after forming shall conform to the requirements of applicable material specifications.
材料的热成型或冷成型的选择由卖方进行，但成型后热处理应符合相关材料规范的要求。
4.2.2 Austenitic stainless steel including clad plate shall generally be subjected to cold forming. If hot forming is unavoidable, solution heat treatment after forming shall be employed subject to Purchaser’s approval.
奥氏体不锈钢包括包装板通常使用冷成型。如果必须使用热成型，应根据买方批准在成型后进行热处理。
4.2.3 Austenitic stainless forging shall require solution heat treatnment.
奥氏体不锈钢的锻造需进行热处理。
4.2.4 A formed head shall generally be made of single plate.
成型的封头通常应用单板制作。
In case head diameter is equal to or larger than 1300 mm, Vendors in China may provide minimum number of welding seams for formed heads provided such seams shall be fully inspected by radiography and confirm soundness before forming.
在封头直径等于或大于1300mm时，成型的封头上可有最小数量的焊缝，但成型前需进行射线探伤以确定完全坚固。
4.2.5 When temporary attachments are required during the forming work, they shall be welded to the shell plate using the same welding procedures as for the main seams. After removing these attachments, the surface shall be ground flush and examined by magnetic particle method. In case of high alloy steel or nonferrous materials, liquid penetrate method can be substituted.
在成型过程中需要临时附件，应使用同主焊缝的相同焊接程序将临时附件焊到壳板上。在拆除这些附件后，对表面进行打磨并进行磁粉探伤。在使用高合金钢或无铁材料时，可用渗透探伤进行检测。
4.3 Welding 焊接
4.3.1 Vendor shall obtain Purchaser’s approval for start of welding.
卖方在焊接前应先获得买方批准。
4.3.2 As a rule, vessels shall be welded by fusion arc process.
作为规定，容器应用熔接弧焊工艺进行焊接。
4.3.3 Welding procedures and welders shall be qualified in accordance with the specified code or standard.
焊接程序及焊工应符合指定的规范或标准的要求。
4.3.4 Pressure holding seams shall normally be fullpenetration double-welded butt joints. Single-welded butt joints which ensure full-penetration may be used, where double-welded butt joints are impractical. Butt joint with backing strip needs to obtain Purchaser’s prior written approval.
通常情况下，应力焊缝应使用两遍对接焊并完全焊透。在两遍对接焊不切实际的情况下，可使用一遍对接焊，但需保证完全焊透。
4.3.5 Welding electrodes and wires shall have chemical compositions and mechanical properties equal to or of higher grade than the base material.
焊条及焊丝的化学成分及机械性能应同母材的等级相同或更高。
4.3.6 Welding procedures shall be selected to minimize the residual stresses insofar as practical.
在选择焊接工艺时应使残余应力最小化。
4.3.7 Preheating shall be carried out for carbon and low alloy steel welding where required. Preheating temperature shall be kept uniform from the start to the end of welding.
在进行碳钢及低合金钢的焊接时应进行预热。预热温度在焊接开始到结束期间应保持均衡。
4.4 Heat Treatment 热处理
4.4.1 Unless otherwise stated, postweld heat treatment shall be carried out in accordance with the applicable codes or standards.
除非另有规定，应根据相关规范或标准的要求进行焊后热处理。
4.4.2 No welding shall be performed on vessels after the final postweld heat treatment without Purchaser’s approval.
未得到买方允许，在最终焊后热处理后不得在容器上进行任何焊接。
4.4.3 The gasket faces of girth flanges shall be machined after final heat treatment.
在最终热处理后翼缘法兰的垫片的端面应进行加工。
5. INSPECTION AND TESTS
检测及试验
5.1 General Requirement 总体要求
5.1.1 All pressure vessels shall be inspected and tested in accordance with the applicable local regulations, applied code and inspection and test plan approved by Purchaser.
所有压力容器必须根据相关地方规章、规范及买方批准的检测、试验计划进行检测及试验。
5.1.2 Vender shall submit a detailed inspection and test plan for Purchaser’s approval.
卖方应递交一份详细的检测及试验计划给买方审批。
5.1.3 The free chloride content of water used for hydrostatic test of austenitic stainless steel vessel shall be limited to 25 mg/L. After testing, vessels shall be drained and dried.
奥氏体不锈钢容器的水压试验所用水的氯含量应不超过25 mg/L。在试验后，容器内的水应排出并对容器进行干燥。
或5c）所示进行测量。
6. NAMEPLATE, PAINTING AND MARKING 铭牌、刷漆及标识
6.1 Nameplate 铭牌
A nameplate as shown in Vessel Standard shall be mounted on each vessel. Mounting on the removable parts is prohibited. 在每个容器上应装上容器标准中所示的铭牌。禁止将铭牌装在可拆除部件上。
The location of nameplate is specified on the engineering drawing.
铭牌的位置在工程图纸中指定。
6.2 Painting 刷漆
6.2.1 As a rule, all external surface of vessels shall be painted in accordance with CIBA 3rd Line Project Piping Materials Classification (CSTLT1300/O301), except the following.
作为规定，除了以下情况所有容器的外表面应根据CIBA第3条线工程管道材料等级表（CSTLT1300/O301）的要求进行刷漆。
A. Surface of Stainless Steel and high alloy steels; Not painted.
不锈钢及高合金钢的表面不需刷漆。
B. Gasket sheet surface; See Par. 6.2.2 垫片的表面，见6.2.2
6.2.2 All flange faces and other machined surfaces shall be coated with a readily removable rust preventive paint.
所有法兰面及其它加工面应用易去除防尘漆保护。
6.2.3 Vendor shall submit a detailed procedure of applicable painting system (Painting Specification) for Purchaser’s approval.
卖方应递交一份详细有刷漆程序（油漆规范）给买方审批。
6.3 Marking 标识
6.3.1 Each Pressure Vessels shall be marked in accordance with Vessel Standard D-123.
每台压力容器应根据容器标准D-123进行标识。
6.3.2 Pressure Vessels subject to P.R.C. regulations shall be provided with the name and identification plate stipulated in the regulations.
根据中国法规制造的压力容器应依据规章要求配备铭牌及标识牌。
6.3.3 All removable parts shall be identified. 所有可拆除部件均需标识。
6.3.4 Furthermore, all vessels shall be provided with an identification plate fitted with rivets on a supporting plate according to Identification plate/Nameplate standard drawings.
此外，所有容器应根据标识牌/铭牌标准图将标识牌铆固到支承板上。
6.3.5 The location of Identification plate/Nameplate is specified on Purchaser’s drawing or data sheet.
标识牌/铭牌的位置在买方图纸或数据表中指定。
7. PACKING AND SHIPPING 包装及运输
7.1 General 概述
Packing and shipping shall be in accordance with Engineering Specification R-453 “Packing and Transportation” and the following additional requirements.
包装及运输及符合工程规范R-453“包装及运输”及以下附加要求：
7.2 Packing and Preparation for Shipping 包装及运输准备
7.2.1 All vessels shall be dried up by draining and air blowing, thoroughly cleaned inside and outside and free of all dirt and loose foreign materials before shipping.
在运输前所有容器应使用排水及吹扫的方式进行干燥，彻底清理内外部，去除灰尘及异物。
7.2.2 All flanged openings shall be provided with bolted steel cover of minimum 4.5 mm thickness with gaskets. Number of bolting is one forth of the service bolt but not less than 4 sets.
所有法兰口应配备最小厚度为4.5mm的带垫片的螺栓连接钢盖板。连接的螺栓数量为总螺栓数的1/4，但不少于4套。
7.2.3 Spare parts shall be packed separately from the vessels.
备件应同容器分开包装。
7.3 Shipping 运输
7.3.1 Templates and foundation bolting shall be shipped separately from the vessels according to Purchaser’s instruction.
样板及地脚螺栓应根据买方指导同容器分开运输。
7.3.2 Internals within Vendor’s scope of supply shall be installed and assembled at Vendor’s shop before shipping, unless otherwise instructed by Purchaser.
在运输前，卖方供应的内件应在卖方车间安装好，除非买方另有指示。
7.3.3 No vessels shall be released for shipment from Vendor’s shop until it has been approved by Purchaser’s inspector.
再未经买方检查人员批准前不得将容器从卖方车间运出。
Appendix A 附录A
Fig. TOLERANCES FOR PRESSURE VESSELS
图表：压力容器容许偏差
[SHELLS AND HEADS] 壳体及封头
Tolerances for shape of formed heads and out-of-roundness of shells shall be as specified in the applicable codes.
成型封头的形状及壳体的不圆度的容许偏差应符合相关规范的规定。
1. Overall length between T.L.: 切线间的总长
±13 or ±1.5 per 1000, whichever is greater, but not exceed the following value
±13，或每1000为±1.5，但不能超过以下数值
| Length, (L) 长度 | Tolerances 容许偏差 |
| L ≤30000 | ±25 |
| L > 30000 | ±40 |
2a. Inside diameter as determined by circumferential measurements: 内径（通过圆周测量法确定）
| Nominal I.D., (D)
公称内径 |
Tolerances 容许偏差 |
| D ≤ 1200
1200 < D ≤ 2100 2100 < D ≤ 4000 4000 < D ≤ 6000 6000 < D ≤ 8000 8000 < D ≤ 10000 10000 < D |
±3
±5 ±6 ±7 ±8 ±10 ±15 |
2b. Inside diameter of vessels with internal trays (by direct measurements): 带内塔盘的容器内径（直接测量）
±0.5 % x Nominal I.D. ±0.5 %×公称内径
3. Straightness (deviation of shell external surface from a straight line) 笔直度（壳体外表面与直线的偏差）
(1) Max.6 in any 6000 length 每6000长最大偏差为6
(2) As measured in the total length (from bottom to top T.L.): 总长下测量值（从底到顶部切线）：
| Length, (L) 长度 | Tolerances 容许偏差 |
| L ≤30000 | Max.19 最大19 |
| L > 30000 | Max.25 最大25 |
[NOZZLES, MANHOLES AND OTHER ATTACHMENTS] 设备口、人孔及其它附件
4a. Location of nozzle from T.L. 设备口到切线位置: ±6
4b. Orientation of nozzle from reference centerline 设备口到参考中心线的方位: ±6
4c. Nozzle flange face from shell external surface 从壳体外表面到设备口法兰面: ±5
4d. Alignment of nozzle flange face 设备口法兰面对中: ±1/2°
4e. Rotation orientation of bolt hole at bolt circle : Max. 1.5 螺栓孔圆周内直径偏差：最大1.5
4f. Top (or bottom) flange face from adjacent T.L. 顶部（或底部）法兰面到相邻切线: ±10
4g. Location of nozzle on top head from center of head 顶部封头上的设备中到封头中心的位置: ±6
4h. Flange face of bottom draw-off nozzles from reference centerline: ±10
5a. Location of manhole from T.L. 人孔到切线的位置: ±10
5b. Orientation of manhole from reference centerline 人孔从参考中心线的方位: ±10
5c. Manhole flange face from shell external surface 人孔法兰面到壳体外表面: ±10
5d. Alignment of manhole flange face 人孔法兰面对中: ±1°
6. Location of nozzle and manhole (related to trays) from tray support ring: ±3
设备口及人孔到塔盘支承圈（涉及到塔盘）
7.Any pair of nozzles (i.e. nozzles for liquid level gauge and connected to reboiler)
任意一对设备口（如液位计设备口及连接到重沸器的设备口）
7a. Difference in nozzle length : Max.1 设备口长偏差：最大为1
7b. Distance between nozzles 设备口间距: ±2
7c. Difference in orientation 方位偏差: Max.2
7d. Alignment of flange face 法兰面对中: ±1/4°
8. Clips or other similar structural attachments for platform, ladder or pipe support
平台、梯子或管架上的卡具或其它相同结构附件
8a. Location from T.L. 到切线的位置: ±10
8b. Orientation from reference centerline 到参考中心线的方位: ±10
8c. Distance between any pair of clips 任意一对卡具的间距: ±3
[SUPPORTS (SKIRT, LUGS, LEGS AND SADDLES)] 支撑物（侧缘、凸耳、支腿及承台等）
9a. Distance from T.L. to bottom of baseplate (height of skirt or leg):
从切线到基座底的间距（侧缘或支腿高）
| Nominal I.D., (D)
公称内径 |
Tolerances
容许偏差 |
| D ≤ 2100
D > 2100 |
±6
±9 |
9b. Out-of-level of baseplate (difference between max. and min. distances from T.L. to bottom of baseplate):
基座不平度（从切线到基座底的最大间距与最小间距间的差距）
| Nominal I.D., (D)
公称内径 |
Tolerances 容许偏差 |
| D ≤ 2100
2100 < D ≤ 4000 4000 < D ≤ 6000 6000 < D ≤ 8000 8000 < D ≤10000 10000 < D |
Max. 3
Max. 6 Max. 7 Max. 8 Max. 10 Max. 15 |
10. Distance from T.L. to support lug 从切线到支撑耳的间距: ±6
11. Bolt circle diameter and pitch between bolt holes: 螺栓圆周直径及螺栓孔间距：
| Nominal I.D., (D)
公称内径 |
Tolerances
容许偏差 |
| D ≤ 2100
D > 2100 |
±3
±6 |
12. Horizontal vessels 卧式容器
12a. Distance from reference centerline to bottom of support saddle 从参考中心线到承台底的间距: ±6
12b. Distance from T.L. to bolt hole center of support saddle 从切线到承台螺栓孔中心的间距: ±6
12c. Distance between bolt holes of support saddle: 承台螺栓孔间距
| Nominal I.D., (D)
公称内径 |
Tolerances
容许偏差 |
| D ≤ 2100
D > 2100 |
±3
±6 |
REMARKS: 备注
1. Unless otherwise stated, all dimensions and tolerances are given in (mm).
除非另有规定，所有尺寸及容许偏差均以mm计。
2. T.L.: Tangent Line 切线
3. Tolerances are not cumulative. 容许偏差不能累积
4. Tolerances indicated on Vessel Drawing shall govern. 以容器图纸中指出的容许偏差为主
5. Tolerances shown herein are intended to apply to both vertical and horizontal vessels.
这里给出的容许偏差适用于立式容器及卧式容器。
6. For vessels fabricated from pipes, diameter tolerances shall be in accordance with the relevant pipe specification.
用管道制作的容器，直径的容许偏差应符合相关的管道规范。
7. Tolerances as shown in 2a, 2b and 3 are not applied to distortion caused by welding for attaching parts, such as nozzles, support rings, lugs and other fittings to shells and heads. Measurements shall be made to the surface of the parent plate and not to a weld, fitting or other raised parts.
在2a、2b、3中所示的容许偏差不适用于因将附件（如设备口、支撑环、凸耳及其它配件）焊接到壳体及封头上所产生的变形。应对母板表面进行测量，而非焊缝、配件或其它凸出的部件。
8. Even if the distance to flange face of nozzles (or manholes) from centerline of vessel is specified on Vessel Drawing, measurements shall be made as shown in 4c (or 5c).
即使在容器图纸中指定了从容器中心线到设备口（或人孔）法兰面的间距，应根据4c（
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